The representations on this site were derived from data reported in two publications:

1. Nathan Crilly (2024). Design thinking and other approaches: How different disciplines see, think and act. Cambridge University Press. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009498685 and its appendices.

2. Nathan Crilly (2026). Critical thinking, creative thinking, systems thinking and many more: A comparative bibliometric analysis of prevalence and distribution. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 59, 102014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2025.102014 and its dataset.

The first of these is a short book exploring the conceptual relationships between different ways of thinking, especially design thinking, systems thinking, entrepreneurial thinking and computational thinking (but also many more). The second is a journal paper analysing the relative prevalence and distribution of twenty ways of thinking in the research literature (selected from an initial sample of 78). These publications describe the underlying data sources along with the associated methods of extraction, processing and representation. The publications also detail the assumptions behind the representations, the limitations associated with these and proposes further work that would address them.

Many other publications define and represent some of the individual terms and concepts considered here. Those are easy to locate by searching for the relevant keywords. It is more difficult to identify publications that collect, compare and combine multiple ways of thinking. Some of those that do are listed below.

Other sources

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